A better understanding of seawater reverse osmosis brine: Characterizations, uses, and energy requirements

Before investing in any optimizing technology for the recovery and reuse of brine resources, it is importance to study full physicochemical characteristics brine. In current study, Qatari seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) were fully investigated. The intends lead a better understanding nature SWRO given economic significance country that can be benefited from recycling reusing various components. characterization includes physical chemical composition, as well mineralogical morphological investigation. analysis revealed contains valuable elements metals such Ca (77120 mg/L), Na (343500 Li (238800 Ba (3.3 Cs (3.4 Fe (30.5 mg/L) Mg mg/L). pH was 8, while electrical conductivity salinity 90.56 mS/cm 61.4 ppt, respectively. scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive energy-dispersive X-ray placement on salt surface. diffraction showed eight XRD peaks. Interestingly, one peak at 2? 31.7° significantly more intense than other seven peaks obtained, all are extremely narrow. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy sample presence functional groups. narrow around 1408 cm ?1 confirms S O bond sample, which could correspond sulfonyl chlorides or sulfates indicated by ICP-OES results. Furthermore, comparison between energy requirements widely used desalination technologies presented. Additionally, this economical environmental advantages potential recovering brines.